Research progress of intraocular lens materials / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

With the wide application of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, many cataract patients have effectively recovered vision. Postoperative intraocular lens opacification is an important indicator for evaluating biocompatibility, as it affects the visual quality of patients. The manifestation and risk factors of opacification vary among different materials used for intraocular lenses. However, better visual quality after surgery is not determined by a single factor. The material of the intraocular lens and the patient's response to the intraocular lens are all factors that affect the postoperative visual quality. With the continuous advancement of technology, an increasing number of new materials are being applied in the field of intraocular lenses. Fully understanding the characteristics of intraocular lens materials, selecting suitable intraocular lens for patients and reducing complications caused by materials will be beneficial to patients. The characteristics of different intraocular lens materials and the risk factors of opacification after intraocular lens implantation were discussed in this paper.

Analysis of Chinese Medical Syndrome Features of Ischemic Stroke Based on Similarity of Symptoms Subgroup / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients.@*METHODS@#By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup.@*RESULTS@#Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.

Comparison of three methods for establishing rat peri-implantitis model / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficiency and effect of establishing rat peri-implantitis model by traditional cotton thread ligation and local injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) around the implant, as well as the combination of the two methods.@*METHODS@#Left side maxillary first molars of 39 male SD rats were extracted, and titanium implants were implanted after four weeks of healing. After 4 weeks of implant osseointegration, 39 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cotton thread ligation (n=12), local injection of LPS around the implant (n=12), and the two methods combined (n=12) were used to induce peri-implantitis, the rest 3 rats were untreated as control group. All procedures were conducted under 5% isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. The rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks after induction through carbon dioxide asphyxiation method. The maxilla of the rats in the test groups were collected and marginal bone loss was observed by micro-CT. The gingival tissues around the implants were collected for further real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, specifically the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) of each rat in the experimental group were recorded before induction of inflammation and before death.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of implantation, the osseointegration of implants were confirmed. All the three test groups showed red and swollen gums, obvious marginal bone loss around implants. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks of inflammation induction, PD, GI and BOP of the three test groups increased compared with those before induction, but only BOP was statistically significant among the three test groups (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks of inflammation induction, marginal bone loss was observed at each site in the cotton thread ligation group and the combined group. At each site, the bone resorption in the combined group was greater than that in the cotton thread ligation group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), bone resorption was observed at some sites of some implants in LPS local injection group. At the end of 4 weeks of inflammation induction, marginal bone loss was observed at all sites in each group. The marginal bone loss in the cotton thread ligation group and the combined group was greater than that in the LPS local injection group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks and 4 weeks of induction, the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the test groups were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with local injection of LPS around the implant, cotton thread ligature and the two methods combined can induce peri-implantitis in rats better and faster.

The development and implementation of training mode for diabetes educators amid normalization stage of novel coronavirus pandemic prevention and control / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To develop an program for training diabetes educators amid normalization stage of novel coronavirus pandemic prevention and control, and provide reference for clinical teaching under special circumstances.Methods:From January 2020 to June 2021, The head member of Diabetes Education and Management Committee of Hunan Health Management Association Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, developed and implemented a program based on core competencies of diabetes educators. It included 26 online courses, one to one education demonstration video with 7 themes, one diabetes conversation map and simulation, and three-week clinical practice. From April 2021 to June 2021, 55 health workers participated in the program. Theoretical tests, video feedback and questionnaires were used to evaluate the trainees′ diabetes knowledge, educational skills and satisfaction with the training program.Results:A total of 55 health workers participated in the program. All the participants completed the online courses and passed the quizzes, the theoretical examination score was (92.93 ± 5.28). Fifty-four participants finished the tasks of clinical practice and obtained the certificate of diabetes educator. Their communication skills and strategies of behavior change were significantly improved ( χ2 values were 4.17 -26.34, all P<0.05), and all of them were satisfied with the program. Conclusions:The training mode based on online training is flexible, convenient and effective,which is suitable for stage of novel coronavirus pandemic prevention and control.

Remodeling+Ring (modified Yacoub) technique for the treatment of bicuspid aortic valve regurgitation with ascending aortic aneurysm: A case report / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Patients with bicuspid aortic valve are often complicated with aortic dilatation. If the aortic valve is of good quality, aortic root replacement with aortic valve preservation is feasible. A 35-year-old male patient with bicuspid aortic regurgitation complicated with ascending aortic aneurysm underwent Remodeling+Ring (modified Yacoub) operation. Echocardiography showed that there was no aortic regurgitation on the 3rd day after operation, and the patient was discharged satisfactorily on the 6th day after operation. Remodeling+Ring surgery ensures the physiological movement of the aortic valve, solves the enlarged annulus, avoids the problems caused by valve replacement, and significantly improves the quality of life of patients, which is worth popularizing.

Tracing investigation and analysis of a Clostridium botulinum food poisoning incident in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang / 中华预防医学杂志

To analyze a suspected case of Clostridium botulinum food poisoning in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and to help validating the diagnosis and providing technical support for clinical treatment. The basic information and clinical manifestations of food poisoning cases were investigated by using the epidemiological method of food safety accidents. The botulinum toxin genes in the samples were detected by real-time PCR and inoculation of KM mouse. The enriched bacteria were further purified and validated. PFGE and cluster analysis were performed on five isolates. Clostridium botulinum type A was detected in two homemade fermented bean samples and stool lavage fluid samples of three patients from enriched samples by toxin test and real-time PCR, and were further validated after isolation of Clostridium botulinum. PFGE showed 100% homology among five isolates. Five isolates of bacteria isolated from the stool lavage fluid of three patients and two homemade fermented bean curd were identified as the same source through PFGE. The cause of this food poisoning cases is food pollution of Clostridium botulinum type A.

Preliminary clinical experience of the novel transcatheter aortic valve system Prizvalve® for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the novel Prizvalve® system in treating severe aortic stenosis. Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm, observational study. A total of 11 patients with severe aortic stenosis with high risk or inappropriate for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) were included, and TAVI was achieved with the Prizvalve® system between March 2021 and May 2021 in West China Hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed immediately after prosthesis implantation to evaluate mean transaortic gradient and maximal transaortic velocity. The device success rate was calculated, which was defined as (1) the device being delivered via the access, deployed, implanted and withdrawn, (2) mean transaortic gradient<20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) or a maximal transaortic velocity<3 m/s post TAVI, and without severe aortic regurgitation or paravalvular leak post TAVI. TTE was performed at 30 days after the surgery, and all-cause mortality as well as the major cardiovascular adverse events (including acute myocardial infarction, disabling hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke) up to 30 days post TAVI were analyzed. Results: The age of 11 included patients were (78.1±6.3) years, with 8 males. A total of 10 patients were with NYHA functional class Ⅲ or Ⅳ. Devices were delivered via the access, deployed, implanted and withdrawn successfully in all patients. Post-implant mean transaortic gradient was (7.55±4.08) mmHg and maximal transaortic velocity was (1.78±0.44) m/s, and both decreased significantly as compared to baseline levels (both P<0.05). No severe aortic regurgitation or paravalvular leak was observed post TAVI. Device success was achieved in all the 11 patients. No patient died or experienced major cardiovascular adverse events up to 30 days post TAVI. Mean transaortic gradient was (9.45±5.07) mmHg and maximal transaortic velocity was (2.05±0.42) m/s at 30 days post TAVI, which were similar as the values measured immediately post TAVI (both P>0.05). Conclusions: TAVI with the Prizvalve® system is a feasible and relatively safe procedure for patients with severe aortic stenosis and at high risk or inappropriate for SAVR. Further clinical studies could be launched to obtain more clinical experience with Prizvalve® system.

Herbal Textual Research on Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the ancient literature of all dynasties， this article makes a systematic textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex used in the famous classical formulas， and clarifies its information of each link in different historical periods， so as to provide a reference and basis for the development and utilization of the related formulas. The results showed that the main varieties of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex were Magnolia officinalis or M. officinalis var. biloba. The main production areas are Hubei， Sichuan， Chongqing and other places， forming the famous authentic medicine. The processing methods of the past dynasties are mainly cleansing and processing with ginger. In the formulas clearly marked with ginger processing， ginger-processed products is suggested to choose. If not clearly marked， raw or ginger-processed products can be used as needed.

Herbal Textual Research on Jujubae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper made a systematic textual research on the historical evolution and changes of the name， origin， producing area， harvesting and processing methods of Jujubae Fructus used in famous classical formulas by referring to the ancient literature， so as to provide a basis for the sampling and research of the formulas containing the medicinal materials. According to textual research， there are many names of Jujubae Fructus， most of which are named by characters or producing areas， which are called Dazao. Ziziphus jujuba has always been the mainstream variety in all dynasties， and Z. jujuba var. inemmis has also been used. Considering that the differences between the two are not obvious， we can use Z. jujuba and Z. jujuba var. inemmis as the origins of Dazao. The germplasm resources of Jujubae Fructus are rich， which are distributed all over the country. Qingzhou （now Shandong）， Jinzhou （now Shanxi） Jiangzhou （now Shanxi）， Puzhou （now Shanxi） have been recorded as authentic producing areas of Jujubae Fructus in the past dynasties， especially in Shandong. At the beginning of the 21st century， the planting of Jujubae Fructus in Xinjiang gradually developed， and now has a high market recognition， becoming an emerging production area of high-quality samples. Harvest period of Jujubae Fructus is mostly August in the past dynasties， and this is basically the same as today. The main processing method is simple cleansing and drying. Through textual research， it is suggested that Jujubae Fructus in famous classical formulas should be mainly from Shandong， Shanxi and other traditional high-quality producing areas， the processing method should follow the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia for simple cleansing and drying.

Textual Research on Perillae in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the ancient literature of all dynasties， this article makes a systematic textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing of Zisu （Perillae） in the famous classical formulas， so as to clarify the information of the drug in different historical periods and provide a reference for the development and utilization of the related formulas. The main origin of Perillae in the ancient literature was Perilla frutescens var. frutescens （purple leaf type）， followed by P. frutescens var. acuta （purple leaf type）， but not Baisu. Modern chemical composition studies also show that there are obvious differences between Perillae and Baisu， which provides a scientific basis for distinguishing them. Although they are often treated as a species in plant classification， P. frutescens var. frutescens （purple leaf type） is recommended in the development of famous classical formulas， and Baisu should be avoided. Perillae is widely distributed， but its producing area did not record in most of the literature in the past dynasties， or the producing area is described as everywhere today. In the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties， the medicinal parts of Perillae included stems， leaves and seeds， and doctors in the Ming dynasty began to pay attention to the differentiation of different medicinal parts. The harvesting and processing methods of Perillae in the past dynasties are close to that of today. Perillae Fructus is mostly stir-fried and ground into medicine， Perillae Folium and Perillae Caulis are mainly simple cleansing. In production， we can refer to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Quality evaluation of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum by HPLC fingerprint and multi-component quantitative analysis / 中国中药杂志

The present study detected the component content in Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum by HPLC fingerprint and the multi-component determination method. HPLC analysis was performed on the Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). Acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution with gradient elution was employed as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 210 nm and the sample volume was 10 μL. The similarity of 18 batches of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum was 0.343-0.779, indicating that there were great differences between different batches of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum. Eighteen common peaks were identified, including eight flavonoids such as liquiritigenin and latifolin. The mass fractions of liquiritigenin, luteolin, naringenin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin, dalbergin, latifolin, and pinocembrin were in the ranges of 0.134 1%-0.495 2%, 0.028 2%-0.167 0%, 0.016 3%-0.591 3%, 0.053 5%-0.188 0%, 0.142 4%-0.640 1%, 0.068 0%-0.590 7%, 0.003 2%-1.980 7%, and 0.009 6%-0.740 2%, respectively. Eighteen batches of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum were divided into three categories by cluster analysis and eight differential components in Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum were marked by partial least-squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA). The cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.5%. The HPLC fingerprint combined with the multi-component determination method for Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum is easy in operation and accurate in results, with good repeatability and reliability. The quality of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum can be evaluated and analyzed by the PLS-DA model. This study is expected to provide a reference for the quality control and clinical application of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum.

Comparative study of rat serum pharmacochemistry between Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and serum pharmacochemistry were employed to study the migrating components in rat sera after intragastric administration of the water extracts of Puerariae Lobatae Radix(PLR) and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix(PTR). After the respective intragastric administration of PLR and PTR extracts, blood samples were collected from the orbital vein. The serum samples were treated by protein precipitation method with methanol and acetonitrile at a ratio of 1∶1 and then passed through Agilent ZORBAX RRHD SB-C_(18) column(3 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) and Agilent SB-C_(18) pre-column(3 mm×5 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase. The elution was performed at the flow rate of 0.25 mL·min~(-1), the column temperature of 40 ℃, and the injection volume of 2 μL. By comparison of the total ion chromatogram and secondary fragment ion information of PLR and PTR water extracts, PLR-and PTR-containing sera, and blank serum, we found 42 migrating components(including 17 prototype components and 25 metabolites) in the sera of rats treated with PLR and 35 migrating components(including 15 prototype components and 20 metabolites) in the sera of rats treated with PTR. Thirty-three common components were shared by the two treatments, including 13 prototype components and 20 metabolites. The differences of migrating components in the PLR-and PTR-treated rat sera provide a scientific basis for further study of the active components and quality markers of PLR and PTR.

Valve in Valve transcatheter mitral valve replacement by a transvenous, transseptal access: A case report / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Reoperation due to degenerated bioprostheses is an important factor of high-risk thoracic surgeries. In 2020 ACC/AHA guideline, Valve in Valve (ViV) was recommended for high-risk patient instead of surgical mitral valve replacement. This report described a 77-year-old male patient with a failed mitral bioprosthetic valve, evaluated at high risk of surgery, received a transvenous, transseptal transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Tracheal intubation was removed at CCU 3 h after surgery without discomfort such as polypnea. The patient was transferred out of the CCU and discharged on the 3rd day. Compared with transapical access, transvenous transseptal access was less invasive, with shorter duration in CCU and hospitalization.

Dual roles and mechanism of microglia in ischemic stroke / 生理学报

Stroke is the second most common cause of death after cancer worldwide and a major cause of acquired disability in adults. Overwhelming majority of strokes are caused by cerebral ischemia and are classified as ischemic stroke. Microglia are the resident immune cells and play dual roles in response to ischemia injury in the central nervous system (CNS). On the one hand, microglia may contribute to tissue function recovery process by promoting inflammation resolution, cellular debris clearance, nerve regeneration and synapse remodeling. On the other hand, excessive activation of microglia aggravates nerve damage after ischemic injury. Here, we briefly describe the mechanism of microglia activation after stroke, and comprehensively review the dual role of microglia in neurodegeneration and regeneration after stroke. In-depth exploration of the cytotoxic and protective mechanisms of microglia will provide new targets and new strategies for stroke treatment.

Herbal textual research on Rubi Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Rubi Fructus is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The origin of Rubi Fructus is the dried fruit of Rubus chingii, a plant of the family Rosaceae, according to the 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia. There are some differences in the plant origin of Rubi Fructus in ancient herbal literature, to trace back its sources, we conducted a textual research on its origin, producing areas, quality evaluation, processing and concocting, properties, tastes and efficacy etc. based on the records of ancient herbal literatures and combined with plant morphology and related investigation. RESULTS:: showed that the variety of Rubi Fructus was more complex among ancient herbal literature, including R. coreanus, R. hirsutus, R. corchorifolius, R. foliolosus and other mixed varieties. Most scholars believe that the R. chingii has not been recorded in ancient herbal literature, while R. chingii was recorded as early as the Ming Dynasty in Compendium of materia medica through our textual research. Ancient Chinese herbs recorded that Rubi Fructus was mostly produced in Hubei, Shandong, Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, while R. chingii mainly produced in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces nowadays. Also, it was recorded that Rubi Fructus harvested in wheat field during May were the best. Besides, R. chingii with big, full, grain integrate, firm, yellow and green color, sour taste and impurity free possess the best quality in the contemporary. The ancient records of processing and concocting, properties, tastes and efficacy were basically the same as modern ones.These results provide the basis for the correct utilization and further development of Rubi Fructus.

Research advances in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Pueraria genus / 中国中药杂志

Kudzu plants in the subfamily sphenoideae of Leguminosae are commonly used herbs in China, Japan, Korea, India and Thailand, with a long history of medicinal use. They are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopeia, Korea Pharmacopeia, Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of India and Flora of Thailand. There are 15-20 species of Pueraria in the world, including 7 species and 2 varieties in China. At present, there are 6 species with medicinal value, such as Pueraria lobata and P. thomsonii. The main chemical components of the genus are isoflavones, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, coumarins, puerarin glycosides and benzopyrans. A total of 240 compounds have been isolated and identified from this genus, and their pharmacological effects mainly include improvement of the cardiovascular system, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-alcoholic and estrogen-like effects. In this study, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Pueraria at home and abroad were systematically summarized, in order to provide references for the material basis, quality control and further development of Pueraria genus.

Observation on the efficacy of Everolimus combined with Exemestane in the treatment of postmenopausal ER-positive and HER-2-negative advanced breast cancer / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the effect of Everolimus combined with Exemestane in the treatment of postmenopausal hormone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2) negative nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors(NSAIs) resistant patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods:From February 2015 to August 2017, 51 patients of advanced breast cancer in our hospital to retrospective prospective study analysis.They were randomly divided into combined group (25 cases) and Exemestane group (26 cases). The combination group was treated with Everolimus combined with Exemestane, and the Exemestane group was treated with exemestane.The short-term efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no complete remission in both groups.There was no significant difference in objective remission rate between combined group (21.7%, 5/23) and exemestane group (15.4%, 4/26) ( P=0.570). There was significant difference in disease control rate between combined group (69.6%, 16/23) and exemestane group (38.5%, 10/26) ( P=0.030). The median PFS of the combined group was 6.6 months and that of the Exemestane group was 3.3 months.There was significant difference between the two groups (χ 2=5.369, P=0.02). In the combined group, 14 cases (56%, 14/25) had serious adverse reactions, and 2 of them had withdrawn from the study after discontinuation of Everolimus for more than 28 days.The incidence of stomatitis, fatigue and pneumonia were 60.0% (15/25), 48.0% (12/25) and 16.0% (4/25) in the combined group, and 11.5% (3/26), 11.5% (3/26) and 0 (0) in the Exemestane group respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups (P values were 0.010, 0.001 and 0.028, respectively). Conclusion:Everolimus combined with exemestane can improve the disease control rate and prolong the median PFS of patients with advanced breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive and HER 2-negative NSAIs resistance after menopause.It can be used as a treatment option for advanced breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive and HER 2-negative NSAIs resistance after menopause.At the same time, the safety assessment of Everolimus in clinical use needs close attention and further observation.

Effect of different doses of fulvestrant in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with positive estrogen receptor / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the effect of different doses of fulvestrant in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with positive estrogen receptor (ER).Methods:From June 2014 to September 2017, 49 patients with advanced breast cancer who were previously treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI) for disease progression or tumor recurrence in Chaoyang Central Hospital were selected for retrospective case-control study.According todifferent doses of treatment, the patients were divided into low-dose group (21 cases) and high-dose group (28 cases). The patients in the low-dose group were given deep intramuscular injection of fulvestrant every 28 days, 250 mg / time.The patients in the high-dose group were given 500 mg fulvestrant intramuscularly on the 1st, 15th and 29th days, and then 500 mg fulvestrant was given every 28 days.After 2 treatment cycles, the clinical effect, progression free survival (PFS) and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed.Results:The total effective rate and clinical benefit rate of low-dose group were 9.5%(2/21) and 52.4%(11/21) respectively, and those of high-dose group were 10.7%(3/28) and 53.6%(15/28) respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ 2=0.020, P=0.89; χ 2=0.010, P=0.930). The median PFS was 5.1 months in the low dose group and 6.0 months in the high dose group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2=4.401, P=0.040). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:High dose fluvastatin is superior to low dose regimen in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients with disease progression or recurrence after AI treatment, and does not increase new safety issues.

Progress of Legumain in malignant tumors / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Legumain, also called asparaginyl endopeptidase, is one new member of the cysteine protease C13 family and plays various roles in human. In recent years, studies have displayed that Legumain is over expressed in a variety of tumors types and promotes the proliferation of tumor cells, tumor invasion and metastasis as well as angiogenesis through varied mechanisms. Further investigation of Legumain will be helpful to elucidate the pathogenesis and progression mechanism of malignant tumors and provide new molecular for targeted therapy of tumors.

Regulation of androgen on singing behavior and song control system of songbirds / 生理学报

Androgen plays an important role in singing of songbirds. Recent studies have shown that androgen levels in vivo not only affect the external morphology of songbirds, but also affect their singing behavior. Androgens (including derivatives) affect singing behavior and singing system in many ways. Based mainly on the results from our research group in the zebra finch, this review summarizes the effects of androgen on singing behavior, excitability and synaptic transmission of projection neurons of singing system, and the interaction of androgen with other neurotransmitter receptors in the brain of songbirds.